Kinestrel-Generic (amantadine) 100mg x10 caps, Amantrel

Amantadine is the organic compound known formally as 1-aminoadamantane. The molecule consists of adamantane backbone that is substituted at one of the four methyne positions with an amino group. This compound is sold under the name "Symmetrel" for use both as an antiviral and an antiparkinsonian drug. Rimantadine is a closely related derivative of adamantane with similar biological properties.

Apart from medical uses, this compound is useful as a building block, allowing the insertion of an adamantyl group.

According to the CDC, 100 percent of seasonal h3n2 and 2009 pandemic flu samples tested have shown resistance to Adamantanes and it is no longer recommended to prescribe for treatment of the flu.

Dosage and Mechanism of Action

A starting dose is often 100 mg once daily. Most influenza A strains are resistant to amantadine, so a failure at this dose is likely due to resistance and not underdosing. For its anti-Parkinsonian effects, a starting dose of 300 mg once daily is normal, but can be increased up to 400 mg.

The mechanisms for amantadine's antiviral and antiparkinsonian effects appear unrelated.

• The mechanism of Amantadine's antiviral activity involves interference with a viral protein, M2 (an ion channel), which is required for the viral particle to become "uncoated" once taken inside a cell by endocytosis.

• The mechanism of its antiparkinsonian effect is poorly understood. The drug has many effects in the brain, including release of dopamine and norepinephrine from nerve endings. It appears to be a weak NMDA receptor antagonist as well as an anticholinergic.

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